The family sauna is a tradition in much of the Upper Midwest especially near and along the shore of Lake Superior. Finnish immigrants brought the sauna and its tradition to these areas in the mid 1800s. It then spread to other immigrants who became aware of the many benefits that the sauna provides. Loggers, miners and commercial fisherman all used the sauna to relieve sore muscles and to clean the dirt and grime from their bodies. Commercial saunas were established around mining towns in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota to service copper and iron miners after each of their shifts. In addition many people began to build a family sauna that was attached to or adjacent to their homes.
The family sauna was more than a place to sauna and bath it was a family gathering place and in many cases a place to treat an illness. Traditional families were large and extended to include in laws and great grand children. Frequently the patriarch of the family would have the best and largest sauna. Families would frequent schedule different days of the week for different family members. Some families followed the Scandinavian tradition of allowing both sexes to take a family sauna together. However most times the family men would sauna on different times then the women. Frequently small children would sauna with the women. In many cases the sauna was reserved for the working men of the family as they return home, then other family members would follow in turn.
Family sauna temperatures would be elevated for family members who took regular weekly and even daily saunas. Many times the sauna stove would be started hours before the sauna was taken. It would not be uncommon for the family sauna to reach temperature of 200F degrees. Water was then ladled on to the stove rocks. Neophytes would soon head out the sauna door seeking relief in the cold water of nearby lake or river. In winter once snow depths were sufficient family sauna users would head out the sauna door to jump into the snow. Many times rolling in it for several minutes before returning to the family sauna. Researchers have found that this activity stimulates the immune system and the growth of white blood cells all of which helps fight infections and illness.
A family sauna was constructed of cedar frequently without plans using the designs that were passed down through the family. Commercial sauna stoves were expensive and prized commodities. Many families that could not afford a dedicated sauna stove would improvise by using a regular wood stove that would have pans that held the sauna stove rocks on top of it. Every spring the family would have to harvest the wood they would need to cook, heat their homes and fire the family sauna. The wood used in the sauna stove had to be split into kindling which would burn hotter and faster thereby heating the sauna as fast as possible. Once the fire was hot then larger stove wood would be added as the stove was damped down.
The traditional family sauna still exists on the Minnesota iron range and in Michigan’s copper country. The new infrared sauna technology will now allow you to purchase and install a dry sauna in just about any home. Although these saunas do not have the full benefits of a traditional sauna they do provide a chance for any family to start its own family sauna tradition. Along the shores of Lake Superior it is said that a family that saunas together stays together.